该论文描述了铁路数据集，这是葡萄牙波尔图市的城市地铁公共交通服务的预测维护项目的结果。数据是在2020年至2022年之间收集的，旨在开发用于在线异常检测和故障预测的机器学习方法。通过捕获几个类似的传感器信号（压力，温度，电流消耗），数字信号（控制信号，离散信号）和GPS信息（纬度，经度和速度），我们提供了一个框架，可以轻松使用和开发用于该框架新的机器学习方法。我们认为该数据集包含一些有趣的特征，并且可以成为预测维护模型的良好基准。

我们介绍了一种从高维时间序列数据学习潜在随机微分方程（SDES）的方法。考虑到从较低维潜在未知IT \ ^ O过程产生的高维时间序列，所提出的方法通过自我监督的学习方法学习从环境到潜在空间的映射和潜在的SDE系数。使用变形AutiaceOders的框架，我们考虑基于SDE解决方案的Euler-Maruyama近似的数据的条件生成模型。此外，我们使用最近的结果对潜在变量模型的可识别性来表明，所提出的模型不仅可以恢复底层的SDE系数，还可以在无限数据的极限中恢复底层的SDE系数，也可以最大潜在潜在变量。我们通过多个模拟视频处理任务验证方法，其中底层SDE是已知的，并通过真实的世界数据集。

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Despite the impact of psychiatric disorders on clinical health, early-stage diagnosis remains a challenge. Machine learning studies have shown that classifiers tend to be overly narrow in the diagnosis prediction task. The overlap between conditions leads to high heterogeneity among participants that is not adequately captured by classification models. To address this issue, normative approaches have surged as an alternative method. By using a generative model to learn the distribution of healthy brain data patterns, we can identify the presence of pathologies as deviations or outliers from the distribution learned by the model. In particular, deep generative models showed great results as normative models to identify neurological lesions in the brain. However, unlike most neurological lesions, psychiatric disorders present subtle changes widespread in several brain regions, making these alterations challenging to identify. In this work, we evaluate the performance of transformer-based normative models to detect subtle brain changes expressed in adolescents and young adults. We trained our model on 3D MRI scans of neurotypical individuals (N=1,765). Then, we obtained the likelihood of neurotypical controls and psychiatric patients with early-stage schizophrenia from an independent dataset (N=93) from the Human Connectome Project. Using the predicted likelihood of the scans as a proxy for a normative score, we obtained an AUROC of 0.82 when assessing the difference between controls and individuals with early-stage schizophrenia. Our approach surpassed recent normative methods based on brain age and Gaussian Process, showing the promising use of deep generative models to help in individualised analyses.

Identifying anomalies has become one of the primary strategies towards security and protection procedures in computer networks. In this context, machine learning-based methods emerge as an elegant solution to identify such scenarios and learn irrelevant information so that a reduction in the identification time and possible gain in accuracy can be obtained. This paper proposes a novel feature selection approach called Finite Element Machines for Feature Selection (FEMa-FS), which uses the framework of finite elements to identify the most relevant information from a given dataset. Although FEMa-FS can be applied to any application domain, it has been evaluated in the context of anomaly detection in computer networks. The outcomes over two datasets showed promising results.

Supervised machine learning-based medical image computing applications necessitate expert label curation, while unlabelled image data might be relatively abundant. Active learning methods aim to prioritise a subset of available image data for expert annotation, for label-efficient model training. We develop a controller neural network that measures priority of images in a sequence of batches, as in batch-mode active learning, for multi-class segmentation tasks. The controller is optimised by rewarding positive task-specific performance gain, within a Markov decision process (MDP) environment that also optimises the task predictor. In this work, the task predictor is a segmentation network. A meta-reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with multiple MDPs, such that the pre-trained controller can be adapted to a new MDP that contains data from different institutes and/or requires segmentation of different organs or structures within the abdomen. We present experimental results using multiple CT datasets from more than one thousand patients, with segmentation tasks of nine different abdominal organs, to demonstrate the efficacy of the learnt prioritisation controller function and its cross-institute and cross-organ adaptability. We show that the proposed adaptable prioritisation metric yields converging segmentation accuracy for the novel class of kidney, unseen in training, using between approximately 40\% to 60\% of labels otherwise required with other heuristic or random prioritisation metrics. For clinical datasets of limited size, the proposed adaptable prioritisation offers a performance improvement of 22.6\% and 10.2\% in Dice score, for tasks of kidney and liver vessel segmentation, respectively, compared to random prioritisation and alternative active sampling strategies.

复杂的伤口通常会面临部分或完全损失皮肤厚度，从而通过次要意图愈合。它们可以是急性或慢性的，可以发现感染，缺血和组织坏死以及与全身性疾病的关联。全球研究机构报告了无数案件，最终涉及严重的公共卫生问题，因为它们涉及人力资源（例如医师和医疗保健专业人员），并对生活质量产生负面影响。本文提出了一个新的数据库，用于自动将复杂伤口自动分类为五个类别，即非缠绕区域，肉芽，纤维蛋白样组织和干性坏死，血肿。这些图像包括由压力，血管溃疡，糖尿病，燃烧和手术干预后的并发症引起的复杂伤口的不同情况。该数据集（称为ComplexWoundDB）是独一无二的，因为它可以从野外获得的27美元图像中的像素级分类，即在患者的房屋中收集图像，并由四名卫生专业人员标记。用不同的机器学习技术进行的进一步实验证明了解决计算机辅助复杂伤口组织分类问题的挑战。手稿阐明了该地区未来的方向，在文献中广泛使用的其他数据库中进行了详细比较。

计算方法开始用于设计数据和生成过程所推动的动态视觉身份。在这项工作中，我们探索了这些计算方法，以生成创建定制效率和图像的视觉标识。我们实现了开发的生成设计系统，该设计系统会自动组装黑白视觉模块。该系统生成设计执行两种主要方法的设计：（i）辅助生成；（ii）自动生成。辅助生成方法产生输出，其中模块的放置由以前定义的配置文件确定。另一方面，自动生成方法会产生输出，其中组装模块以描绘输入图像。该系统加快了一个视觉标识设计的设计和部署的过程，并在它们之间生成了视觉连贯性。在本文中，我们可以压制地描述该系统及其成就。

本文档描述了基于深度学习的点云几何编解码器和基于深度学习的点云关节几何和颜色编解码器，并提交给2022年1月发出的JPEG PLENO点云编码的建议。拟议的编解码器是基于最新的。基于深度学习的PC几何编码的发展，并提供了呼吁提案的一些关键功能。拟议的几何编解码器提供了一种压缩效率，可超过MPEG G-PCC标准和胜过MPEG的效率，或者与V-PCC Intra Intra Interra Interra Intra标准的竞争力均超过了jpeg呼叫提案测试集；但是，由于需要克服的质量饱和效应，关节几何和颜色编解码器不会发生同样的情况。

使用机器学习算法从未标记的文本中提取知识可能很复杂。文档分类和信息检索是两个应用程序，可以从无监督的学习（例如文本聚类和主题建模）中受益，包括探索性数据分析。但是，无监督的学习范式提出了可重复性问题。初始化可能会导致可变性，具体取决于机器学习算法。此外，关于群集几何形状，扭曲可能会产生误导。在原因中，异常值和异常的存在可能是决定因素。尽管初始化和异常问题与文本群集和主题建模相关，但作者并未找到对它们的深入分析。这项调查提供了这些亚地区的系统文献综述（2011-2022），并提出了共同的术语，因为类似的程序具有不同的术语。作者描述了研究机会，趋势和开放问题。附录总结了与审查的作品直接或间接相关的文本矢量化，分解和聚类算法的理论背景。